:root{--paper:#f7f7f0;--ink:#242b29;--muted:#606a63;--line:#d7ddd2;--green:#256047;--wash:#edf0e7;--mono:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Consolas,monospace}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:30px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1.65;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}a:hover{color:var(--green)}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--green);outline-offset:6px}::selection{background:#cce2b4}.wrap{width:min(1240px,calc(100% - 112px));margin-inline:auto}.site-header{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;min-height:110px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.wordmark{font-family:var(--mono);font-weight:700;font-size:24px;letter-spacing:-1.5px}.wordmark span{font-weight:400;color:var(--muted)}.wordmark .cursor{color:var(--green);font-weight:bold}.site-header nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:34px;font-size:14px}.site-header nav [aria-current]{color:var(--green);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:7px}.nav-contact{border:1px solid #b1b9ac;padding:10px 18px}.nav-contact span{margin-left:20px}.hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.28fr 1fr;gap:64px;padding-block:76px 64px;align-items:center}.eyebrow{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:10px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:1.15px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 20px}.status-dot{display:inline-block;width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--green);margin-right:8px}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(48px,4.65vw,68px);line-height:1.07;letter-spacing:-3.2px;font-weight:500;margin:25px 0}em{font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;color:var(--green);font-weight:400}.hero-intro{max-width:490px;color:var(--muted);font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;margin:26px 0}.hero-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;margin-top:32px}.button{display:inline-flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:25px;background:var(--green);color:white;padding:14px 19px;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;border:1px solid var(--green)}.button:hover{background:#173f2e;color:white}.text-link{font-size:13px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);padding-bottom:5px;white-space:nowrap}.text-link span{margin-left:16px}.hero-note{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:19px}.blueprint{position:relative;min-height:405px;border:1px solid #c7d0c0;padding:20px 23px;background-color:#eef1e7;background-image:linear-gradient(#d6dfcf66 1px,transparent 1px),linear-gradient(90deg,#d6dfcf66 1px,transparent 1px);background-size:20px 20px;transform:rotate(-1deg)}.diagram-top,.diagram-bottom{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;font:9px var(--mono);color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:.5px}.diagram-cross{font-size:20px}.diagram-input{text-align:center;margin:22px auto 0}.node-label{display:block;font:8px var(--mono);letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:7px}.diagram-input strong{font-size:14px;font-weight:500}.signals{display:flex;justify-content:center;gap:15px;margin-top:10px}.signals i{border:1px solid #899e87;background:var(--paper);width:6px;height:6px;transform:rotate(45deg)}.diagram-line{width:1px;height:30px;background:#8c9f83;margin:auto}.diagram-core{position:relative;border:1px solid #718b69;box-shadow:5px 5px 0 #cbd5be;background:#f8faef;max-width:245px;padding:18px 26px;margin:auto;text-align:center}.diagram-core strong{font-weight:500;font-size:24px;line-height:1.2;display:block;letter-spacing:-.5px}.core-tags{display:block;font:8px var(--mono);letter-spacing:1px;margin-top:13px;color:var(--green)}.diagram-fork{display:flex;justify-content:center;height:35px}.diagram-fork span{width:28%;border-top:1px solid #8c9f83;margin-top:16px;position:relative}.diagram-fork span:first-child{border-left:1px solid #8c9f83}.diagram-fork span:last-child{border-right:1px solid #8c9f83}.diagram-fork:before{content:'';position:absolute;left:50%;height:16px;border-left:1px solid #8c9f83}.diagram-outputs{display:flex;gap:18px;justify-content:center}.diagram-outputs>div{background:#f7f8f0;border:1px solid #b7c4aa;padding:12px 9px;text-align:center;flex:1}.diagram-outputs strong{font-size:11px;font-weight:500}.diagram-outputs .node-label{font-size:7px}.diagram-bottom{justify-content:flex-start;border-top:1px solid #cbd3c2;margin-top:25px;padding-top:15px;font-size:8px;letter-spacing:0}.diagram-bottom .status-dot{width:5px;height:5px}.credibility{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.25fr 1fr;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:25px}.credibility>div{padding-left:36px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)}.credibility>div:first-child{padding:0;border:0}.credibility strong{display:block;font-size:16px;font-weight:500}.credibility span{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}.section{padding-block:80px}.section-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-end;gap:30px;margin-bottom:35px}.section-heading .eyebrow{margin-bottom:13px}h2{font-size:36px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-1.3px;line-height:1.18;margin:0}h3{font-weight:500}.services{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.service{padding:28px 28px 24px;border-right:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;flex-direction:column;transition:background .15s}.service:first-child{padding-left:0}.service:last-child{border:0;padding-right:0}.service:hover{background:var(--wash)}.service-number{font:9px var(--mono);letter-spacing:.8px;color:var(--green)}.service h3{font-size:24px;letter-spacing:-.7px;line-height:1.25;margin:27px 0 13px}.service p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 30px}.service-tech{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;font:9px var(--mono);margin-top:auto;color:var(--muted)}.service-tech b{font-size:20px;font-weight:400;color:var(--green)}.work-section{background:var(--wash);border-block:1px solid var(--line)}.section-aside{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.work-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:35px 1.25fr 1fr 25px;gap:22px;align-items:center;border-top:1px solid #ced6c6;padding:28px 0}.work-row:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid #ced6c6}.work-index{font:11px var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}.work-row .eyebrow{font-size:9px;margin:0 0 8px}.work-row h3{font-size:20px;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:-.4px;margin:0}.work-row p{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.work-row>a{font-size:26px}.notes-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:28px}.note-image{aspect-ratio:1.65;overflow:hidden;background:#e3e7db;border:1px solid var(--line)}.note-image img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .25s}.note:hover img{transform:scale(1.035)}.note .eyebrow{font-size:9px;margin:20px 0 9px}.note h3{font-size:20px;letter-spacing:-.4px;line-height:1.35;margin:0}.note h3 span{font-size:17px;margin-left:6px}.contact-band{border-top:1px solid var(--line);text-align:center;padding:65px 20px 70px}.contact-band h2{font-size:52px;letter-spacing:-2px;margin:0 0 28px}.contact-band>p:last-child{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin:18px 0 0}.site-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:30px 0;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px}.site-footer .wordmark{font-size:19px}.site-footer p,.site-footer small{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted)}.footer-links{display:flex;gap:22px;font-size:12px}.skip-link{position:absolute;left:20px;top:-100px;background:var(--paper);padding:10px;z-index:10}.skip-link:focus{top:10px}.article{max-width:940px;padding-block:65px 80px}.article-header{margin-bottom:45px}.article h1,.archive h1{font-size:clamp(38px,5vw,62px);line-height:1.13;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-2px;margin:20px 0}.article-deck{font-size:19px;color:var(--muted);max-width:700px}.tags{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-block:22px}.tags a{font:11px var(--mono);padding:7px 10px;border:1px solid var(--line)}.prose{max-width:760px;margin-inline:auto;font-size:17px;line-height:1.85;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.prose h1{font-size:36px}.prose h2{font-size:29px;margin:45px 0 18px}.prose h3{font-size:22px;margin-top:32px}.prose a{color:var(--green);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.prose img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:auto}.prose figure{margin:30px 0}.prose figcaption{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.7;text-align:center;margin-top:10px}.prose pre{background:#e9ede3;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px;overflow:auto;font-size:13px;line-height:1.6}.prose code{font-family:var(--mono)}.prose :not(pre)>code{background:#e9ede3;font-size:.85em;padding:2px 4px}.prose blockquote{border-left:2px solid var(--green);margin-left:0;padding-left:25px;color:var(--muted)}.prose table{display:block;overflow:auto;max-width:100%;border-collapse:collapse}.prose th,.prose td{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:8px 12px}.article-cta{margin-top:60px;background:var(--wash);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:30px}.article-cta h2{font-size:25px}.article-cta p{color:var(--muted)}.archive{min-height:60vh;max-width:1050px}.archive-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:95px 1fr 25px;gap:25px;padding:30px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.archive-row time{font:11px var(--mono);color:var(--muted);padding-top:6px}.archive-row h2{font-size:26px;letter-spacing:-.7px}.archive-row p{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:0}.pagination{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin-top:30px}.highlight{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}.prose iframe{max-width:100%}
@media(min-width:1500px){.hero h1{font-size:72px}}@media(max-width:1050px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 64px)}.hero{gap:32px}.hero h1{font-size:52px}.hero-actions{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:15px}.blueprint{padding-inline:16px}.site-header nav{gap:22px}.service{padding-inline:20px}.service-tech{font-size:8px}.work-row{grid-template-columns:25px 1.2fr 1fr 20px;gap:15px}.site-footer{flex-wrap:wrap}}@media(max-width:720px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.site-header{min-height:94px;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;padding-block:20px}.wordmark{font-size:22px}.site-header nav{gap:20px;font-size:12px}.nav-contact{padding:6px 10px}.nav-contact span{margin-left:5px}.hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:35px;padding-block:45px}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(38px,11.3vw,48px);letter-spacing:-2px}.hero .eyebrow{font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.5px}.hero-intro{font-size:16px}.hero-actions{flex-direction:row;align-items:center;gap:18px}.hero-actions .button{font-size:11px;padding:13px 12px;gap:10px}.hero-actions .text-link{font-size:11px}.hero-actions .text-link span{margin-left:5px}.blueprint{width:100%;max-width:460px;margin:auto;transform:none}.credibility{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px;padding-block:22px}.credibility>div{border:0;padding:0;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:15px}.credibility strong{font-size:13px}.credibility span{font-size:10px;text-align:right}.section{padding-block:50px}.section-heading{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:22px}h2{font-size:31px}.services{grid-template-columns:1fr}.service,.service:first-child,.service:last-child{padding:25px 0;border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.service:last-child{border-bottom:0}.service h3{margin-top:18px}.service h3 br{display:none}.service p{margin-bottom:20px}.service-tech{font-size:10px}.work-row{grid-template-columns:22px 1fr 20px;gap:12px}.work-row p{grid-column:2;grid-row:2}.work-row>a{grid-column:3;grid-row:1}.work-row h3{font-size:20px}.notes-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:35px}.note-image{aspect-ratio:1.8}.contact-band{padding:48px 0}.contact-band h2{font-size:43px}.contact-band>p:last-child{font-size:10px}.footer-links{gap:19px}.site-footer{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:10px}.article{padding-top:40px}.article h1{font-size:40px;letter-spacing:-1.5px}.article-deck{font-size:17px}.prose{font-size:16px}.prose h2{font-size:27px}.article-cta{padding:23px}.archive-row{grid-template-columns:1fr 20px;gap:10px}.archive-row time{grid-column:1}.archive-row>div{grid-column:1}.archive-row>span{grid-column:2;grid-row:2}.archive-row h2{font-size:24px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*{transition:none!important}}


/* These diagrams have transparent canvases and light drawing strokes.
   Apply the backing to the image so it also works in homepage previews. */
img[src$="/databend.png"],
img[src$="/portal-gun.excalidraw.png"],
img[src$="/portal-gun-schema.excalidraw.png"] {
  background-color: #1d1e28;
}

body .blog-comments{border-color:var(--line);--waline-theme-color:var(--green);--waline-active-color:#173f2e;--waline-color:var(--ink);--waline-bg-color:var(--paper);--waline-bg-color-light:var(--wash);--waline-bg-color-hover:#e4e9dc;--waline-border-color:var(--line);--waline-white:#fff} .comments-load{background:var(--green);color:white;border:0;padding:13px 18px;font:inherit;cursor:pointer}

/* Personal introduction and excerpts from the author's own engineering notes. */
.personal-hero { grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr; gap: 90px; }
.personal-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(48px, 5vw, 72px); letter-spacing: -2.8px; }
.personal-hero .hero-intro { color: var(--ink); font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 18px; }
.personal-intro { max-width: 510px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.8; color: var(--muted); margin: 14px 0; }
.engineering-notes { border-left: 1px solid var(--line); padding: 10px 0 10px 36px; }
.engineering-notes blockquote { margin: 30px 0; }
.engineering-notes blockquote p { position: relative; font-size: 21px; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: -.4px; margin: 0 0 27px; padding-left: 30px; }
.note-number { position: absolute; top: 6px; left: 0; font: 10px var(--mono); color: var(--green); letter-spacing: 0; }
.engineering-notes .text-link { font-size: 11px; white-space: normal; }
.notebook-footnote { font-size: 14px; color: var(--muted); margin: 34px 0 0; }
.notebook-footnote a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
.working-together { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.5fr; gap: 60px; padding-block: 55px 70px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.working-together p:not(.eyebrow) { margin: 0 0 16px; font-size: 16px; color: var(--muted); }
.article-contact { margin-top: 50px; padding-top: 20px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); }
.article-contact a { color: var(--green); text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
@media (max-width: 1050px) { .personal-hero { gap: 40px; } .engineering-notes { padding-left: 24px; } .engineering-notes blockquote p { font-size: 19px; } }
@media (max-width: 720px) { .personal-hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 35px; } .personal-hero h1 { font-size: 52px; } .personal-hero .hero-intro { font-size: 18px; } .engineering-notes { padding: 25px 0 0; border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); } .engineering-notes blockquote p { font-size: 20px; } .working-together { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 22px; padding-block: 40px 50px; } }

.architecture-steps { list-style: none; counter-reset: architecture; margin: 26px 0 20px; padding: 0; }
.architecture-steps li { counter-increment: architecture; position: relative; padding-left: 32px; margin-bottom: 24px; }
.architecture-steps li::before { content: "0" counter(architecture); position: absolute; left: 0; top: 6px; font: 10px var(--mono); color: var(--green); }
.architecture-steps h2 { font-size: 21px; line-height: 1.4; letter-spacing: -.4px; }
.architecture-steps p { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; color: var(--muted); margin: 7px 0 0; }
.architecture-footnote { font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); margin: 0 0 18px; }
